LiftingSet

Tom de Jong, 27 May 2019.
Refactored 29 April 2020.

We show that lifting (cf. Escardó-Knapp) a set gives the free pointed dcpo on
that set.

When we start with a small set, then the lifting yields an algebraic pointed
dcpo as formalized in LiftingSetAlgebraic.lagda.

The construction that freely adds a least element to a dcpo is described in
LiftingDcpo.lagda.


{-# OPTIONS --safe --without-K #-}

open import MLTT.Spartan

open import UF.FunExt
open import UF.PropTrunc
open import UF.Subsingletons

module DomainTheory.Lifting.LiftingSet
        (pt : propositional-truncations-exist)
        (fe : Fun-Ext)
        (𝓣 : Universe)
        (pe : propext 𝓣)
       where

open import UF.Equiv
open import UF.Hedberg
open import UF.ImageAndSurjection pt
open import UF.Sets
open import UF.Subsingletons-FunExt
open import UF.Subsingletons-Properties

open PropositionalTruncation pt

open import Lifting.Construction 𝓣 hiding ()
open import Lifting.Miscelanea 𝓣
open import Lifting.Miscelanea-PropExt-FunExt 𝓣 pe fe
open import Lifting.Monad 𝓣

open import DomainTheory.Basics.Dcpo pt fe 𝓣
open import DomainTheory.Basics.Miscelanea pt fe 𝓣
open import DomainTheory.Basics.Pointed pt fe 𝓣

open import OrderedTypes.Poset fe


We start by showing that the lifting of a set is indeed a pointed dcpo.


module _ {𝓤 : Universe}
         {X : 𝓤 ̇ }
         (s : is-set X)
       where

 family-value-map : {I : 𝓣 ̇ }
                   (α : I  𝓛 X)
                   (Σ i  I , is-defined (α i))  X
 family-value-map α (i , d) = value (α i) d

 directed-family-value-map-is-wconstant : {I : 𝓣 ̇ }
                                         (α : I  𝓛 X)
                                         (δ : is-directed _⊑'_ α )
                                         wconstant (family-value-map α)
 directed-family-value-map-is-wconstant {I} α δ (i₀ , d₀) (i₁ , d₁) =
  γ (semidirected-if-directed _⊑'_ α δ i₀ i₁)
   where
    f : (Σ i  I , is-defined (α i))  X
    f = family-value-map α
    γ : ( k  I , (α i₀ ⊑' α k) × (α i₁ ⊑' α k))  f (i₀ , d₀)  f (i₁ , d₁)
    γ = ∥∥-rec s g
     where
      g : (Σ k  I , (α i₀ ⊑' α k)
                   × (α i₁ ⊑' α k))  f (i₀ , d₀)  f (i₁ , d₁)
      g (k , l , m) =
       f (i₀ , d₀)                             =⟨refl⟩
       value (α i₀) d₀                         =⟨ =-of-values-from-= (l d₀) 
       value (α k) (=-to-is-defined (l d₀) d₀) =⟨ =-of-values-from-= ((m d₁) ⁻¹) 
       value (α i₁) d₁                         =⟨refl⟩
       f (i₁ , d₁)                             

 lifting-sup-value : {I : 𝓣 ̇ }
                    (α : I  𝓛 X)
                    (δ : is-directed _⊑'_ α )
                    ( i  I , is-defined (α i))  X
 lifting-sup-value {I} α δ =
  pr₁ (wconstant-map-to-set-factors-through-truncation-of-domain
        s (family-value-map α)
        (directed-family-value-map-is-wconstant α δ))

 lifting-sup : {I : 𝓣 ̇ }  (α : I  𝓛 X)  (δ : is-directed _⊑'_ α)  𝓛 X
 lifting-sup {I} α δ =
  ( i  I , is-defined (α i)) , lifting-sup-value α δ , ∥∥-is-prop

 lifting-sup-is-upperbound : {I : 𝓣 ̇ }  (α : I  𝓛 X)
                             (δ : is-directed _⊑'_ α)
                            (i : I)  α i ⊑' lifting-sup α δ
 lifting-sup-is-upperbound {I} α δ i = γ
  where
   γ : α i ⊑' lifting-sup α δ
   γ = ⊑-to-⊑' (f , v)
    where
     f : is-defined (α i)  is-defined (lifting-sup α δ)
     f d =  i , d 
     v : (d : is-defined (α i))  value (α i) d  value (lifting-sup α δ) (f d)
     v d = value (α i) d                 =⟨ p    
           lifting-sup-value α δ (f d)   =⟨refl⟩
           value (lifting-sup α δ) (f d) 
      where
       p = (pr₂ (wconstant-map-to-set-factors-through-truncation-of-domain
                  s (family-value-map α)
                  (directed-family-value-map-is-wconstant α δ)))
           (i , d)

 family-defined-somewhere-sup-= : {I : 𝓣 ̇ } {α : I  𝓛 X}
                                 (δ : is-directed _⊑'_ α)
                                 (i : I)
                                 is-defined (α i)
                                 α i  lifting-sup α δ
 family-defined-somewhere-sup-= {I} {α} δ i d =
  (lifting-sup-is-upperbound α δ i) d

 lifting-sup-is-lowerbound-of-upperbounds : {I : 𝓣 ̇ }
                                           {α : I  𝓛 X}
                                           (δ : is-directed _⊑'_ α)
                                           (v : 𝓛 X)
                                           ((i : I)  α i ⊑' v)
                                           lifting-sup α δ ⊑' v
 lifting-sup-is-lowerbound-of-upperbounds {I} {α} δ v b = h
  where
   h : lifting-sup α δ ⊑' v
   h d = ∥∥-rec (lifting-of-set-is-set s) g d
    where
     g : (Σ i  I , is-defined (α i))  lifting-sup α δ  v
     g (i , dᵢ) = lifting-sup α δ =⟨ (family-defined-somewhere-sup-= δ i dᵢ) ⁻¹ 
                  α i             =⟨ b i dᵢ 
                  v               

 𝓛-DCPO : DCPO {𝓣   𝓤} {𝓣   𝓤}
 𝓛-DCPO = 𝓛 X , _⊑'_ , pa , c
  where
   pa : PosetAxioms.poset-axioms _⊑'_
   pa = sl , p , r , t , a
    where
     open PosetAxioms {_} {_} {𝓛 X} _⊑'_
     sl : is-set (𝓛 X)
     sl = lifting-of-set-is-set s
     p : is-prop-valued
     p _ _ = ⊑'-prop-valued s
     r : is-reflexive
     r _ = ⊑'-is-reflexive
     a : is-antisymmetric
     a _ _ = ⊑'-is-antisymmetric
     t : is-transitive
     t _ _ _ = ⊑'-is-transitive
   c : (I : 𝓣 ̇ ) (α : I  𝓛 X)  is-directed _⊑'_ α  has-sup _⊑'_ α
   c I α δ = lifting-sup α δ ,
             lifting-sup-is-upperbound α δ ,
             lifting-sup-is-lowerbound-of-upperbounds δ

 𝓛-DCPO⊥ : DCPO⊥ {𝓣   𝓤} {𝓣   𝓤}
 𝓛-DCPO⊥ = 𝓛-DCPO , l ,  _  unique-from-𝟘)
  where
   l : 𝓛 X
   l = (𝟘 , 𝟘-elim , 𝟘-is-prop)


Minor addition by Ayberk Tosun.

The lifting of a set as a dcpo as defined above has an order that is essentially
locally small. It is sometimes convenient, however, to repackage the lifting
dcpo with the equivalent order that has small values.

The development where this function is used can be updated as to work on a dcpo
with an external proof of local smallness as to obviate the need for this
repackaging. This is a refactoring to consider in the future.


 open import Lifting.UnivalentWildCategory 𝓣 X
 open PosetAxioms

 𝓛-DCPO⁻ : DCPO {𝓣   𝓤} {𝓣  𝓤}
 𝓛-DCPO⁻ = 𝓛 X , _⊑_ , 
  where
   γ : {x y : 𝓛 X}  (x  y)  (x ⊑' y)
   γ {x} {y} = logically-equivalent-props-are-equivalent
                (⊑-prop-valued fe fe s x y)
                (⊑'-prop-valued s)
                ⊑-to-⊑' ⊑'-to-⊑

   p : is-prop-valued _⊑_
   p = ⊑-prop-valued fe fe s

   a : is-antisymmetric _⊑_
   a l m p q = ⊑'-is-antisymmetric (⊑-to-⊑' p) (⊑-to-⊑' q)

   δ : is-directed-complete _⊑_
   δ I ι (i , υ)  = lifting-sup ι δ′ , σ
    where
     δ′ : is-directed _⊑'_ ι
     δ′ = i
        , λ j k 
           ∥∥-rec
            ∃-is-prop
             { (i , p , q)   i , ⊑-to-⊑' p , ⊑-to-⊑' q })
            (υ j k)

     σ₁ : (j : I)  ι j  lifting-sup ι δ′
     σ₁ j = ⊑'-to-⊑ (lifting-sup-is-upperbound ι δ′ j)

     σ₂ : is-lowerbound-of-upperbounds _⊑_ (lifting-sup ι δ′) ι
     σ₂ j φ = ⊑'-to-⊑
               (lifting-sup-is-lowerbound-of-upperbounds δ′ j λ k  ⊑-to-⊑' (φ k))

     σ : is-sup _⊑_ (lifting-sup ι δ′) ι
     σ = σ₁ , σ₂

    : dcpo-axioms _⊑_
    = (lifting-of-set-is-set s , p , 𝓛-id , 𝓛-comp , a) , δ


Now that we have the lifting as a dcpo, we prove that the lifting functor and
Kleisli extension yield continuous maps.


module _ {𝓤 : Universe}
         {X : 𝓤 ̇ }
         (s₀ : is-set X)
         {𝓥 : Universe}
         {Y : 𝓥 ̇ }
         (s₁ : is-set Y)
       where

 ♯-is-monotone : (f : X  𝓛 Y)  is-monotone (𝓛-DCPO s₀) (𝓛-DCPO s₁) (f )
 ♯-is-monotone f l m ineq d = ap (f ) (ineq (♯-is-defined f l d))

 ♯-is-continuous : (f : X  𝓛 Y)  is-continuous (𝓛-DCPO s₀) (𝓛-DCPO s₁) (f )
 ♯-is-continuous f I α δ = u , v
  where
   u : (i : I)  (f ) (α i) ⊑⟨ (𝓛-DCPO s₁)  (f ) ( (𝓛-DCPO s₀) δ)
   u i = ♯-is-monotone f (α i) ( (𝓛-DCPO s₀) δ)
         (∐-is-upperbound (𝓛-DCPO s₀) δ i)
   v : (m :  𝓛-DCPO s₁ )
      ((i : I)  (f ) (α i) ⊑⟨ (𝓛-DCPO s₁)  m)
      (f ) ( (𝓛-DCPO s₀) δ) ⊑⟨ (𝓛-DCPO s₁)  m
   v m ineqs d =
    ∥∥-rec (lifting-of-set-is-set s₁) g (♯-is-defined f ( (𝓛-DCPO s₀) δ) d)
     where
      g : (Σ i  I , is-defined (α i))  (f ) ( (𝓛-DCPO s₀) δ)  m
      g (i , dᵢ) = (f ) ( (𝓛-DCPO s₀) δ) =⟨ h i dᵢ 
                   (f ) (α i)             =⟨ ineqs i (=-to-is-defined (h i dᵢ) d) 
                   m                       
       where
        h : (i : I)  is-defined (α i)  (f ) ( (𝓛-DCPO s₀) δ)  (f ) (α i)
        h i d = ap (f ) ((family-defined-somewhere-sup-= s₀ δ i d) ⁻¹)

 𝓛̇-continuous : (f : X  Y)  is-continuous (𝓛-DCPO s₀) (𝓛-DCPO s₁) (𝓛̇ f)
 𝓛̇-continuous f = transport
                   (is-continuous (𝓛-DCPO s₀) (𝓛-DCPO s₁))
                   (dfunext fe (𝓛̇-♯-∼ f))
                   (♯-is-continuous (η  f))


Finally we show that the lifting of a set gives the free pointed dcpo on that
set. The main technical tool in proving this is the use of subsingleton suprema,
cf. DomainTheory.Basics.Pointed.lagda, and the fact that every partial element
can be expressed as such a supremum.


module _
         {X : 𝓤 ̇ }
         (X-is-set : is-set X)
       where

 private
  𝓛X : DCPO⊥ {𝓣   𝓤} {𝓣   𝓤}
  𝓛X = 𝓛-DCPO⊥ X-is-set

 all-partial-elements-are-subsingleton-sups :
    (l :  𝓛X )
   l  ∐ˢˢ 𝓛X (η  value l) (being-defined-is-prop l)
 all-partial-elements-are-subsingleton-sups (P , ϕ , ρ) =
  antisymmetry (𝓛X ) (P , ϕ , ρ) (∐ˢˢ 𝓛X (η  ϕ) ρ) u v
   where
    v : ∐ˢˢ 𝓛X (η  ϕ) ρ ⊑' (P , ϕ , ρ)
    v = ∐ˢˢ-is-lowerbound-of-upperbounds 𝓛X (η  ϕ) ρ (P , ϕ , ρ)
          p   (is-defined-η-= p) ⁻¹)
    u : (P , ϕ , ρ) ⊑' ∐ˢˢ 𝓛X (η  ϕ) ρ
    u p = antisymmetry (𝓛X ) (P , ϕ , ρ) (∐ˢˢ 𝓛X (η  ϕ) ρ)
           u' v
     where
      u' = (P , ϕ , ρ)      ⊑⟪ 𝓛X ⟫[ =-to-⊑ (𝓛X ) (is-defined-η-= p) ]
           η (ϕ p)          ⊑⟪ 𝓛X ⟫[ ∐ˢˢ-is-upperbound 𝓛X (η  ϕ) ρ p ]
           ∐ˢˢ 𝓛X (η  ϕ) ρ ∎⟪ 𝓛X 

 module lifting-is-free-pointed-dcpo-on-set
         (𝓓 : DCPO⊥ {𝓥} {𝓦})
         (f : X   𝓓 )
       where

   :  𝓛X    𝓓 
   (P , ϕ , P-is-prop) = ∐ˢˢ 𝓓 (f  ϕ) P-is-prop

  f̃-is-strict : is-strict 𝓛X 𝓓 
  f̃-is-strict = strictness-criterion 𝓛X 𝓓  γ
   where
    γ :  ( 𝓛X) ⊑⟪ 𝓓   𝓓
    γ = ∐ˢˢ-is-lowerbound-of-upperbounds 𝓓
         (f  unique-from-𝟘) 𝟘-is-prop ( 𝓓) 𝟘-induction

  f̃-is-continuous : is-continuous (𝓛X ) (𝓓 ) 
  f̃-is-continuous I α δ = ub , lb-of-ubs
   where
    s : 𝓛 X
    s =  (𝓛X ) δ
    ρ : (l : 𝓛 X)  is-prop (is-defined l)
    ρ = being-defined-is-prop
    lemma : (i : I) (p : is-defined (α i))
           value (α i) p  value s  i , p 
    lemma i p = =-of-values-from-=
                 (family-defined-somewhere-sup-= X-is-set δ i p)
    ub : (i : I)   (α i) ⊑⟪ 𝓓   s
    ub i = ∐ˢˢ-is-lowerbound-of-upperbounds 𝓓 (f  value (α i)) (ρ (α i)) ( s) γ
     where
      γ : (p : is-defined (α i))
         f (value (α i) p) ⊑⟪ 𝓓   s
      γ p = f (value (α i) p)     ⊑⟪ 𝓓 ⟫[ ⦅1⦆ ]
            f (value s  i , p ) ⊑⟪ 𝓓 ⟫[ ⦅2⦆ ]
             s                   ∎⟪ 𝓓 
       where
        ⦅1⦆ = =-to-⊑ (𝓓 ) (ap f (lemma i p))
        ⦅2⦆ = ∐ˢˢ-is-upperbound 𝓓 (f  value s) (ρ s)  i , p 
    lb-of-ubs : is-lowerbound-of-upperbounds (underlying-order (𝓓 ))
                 ( s) (  α)
    lb-of-ubs y y-is-ub = ∐ˢˢ-is-lowerbound-of-upperbounds 𝓓 (f  value s) (ρ s)
                           y γ
     where
      γ : (q : is-defined s)
         (f (value s q)) ⊑⟪ 𝓓  y
      γ q = ∥∥-rec (prop-valuedness (𝓓 ) (f (value s q)) y) r q
       where
        r : (Σ i  I , is-defined (α i))  f (value s q) ⊑⟪ 𝓓  y
        r (i , p) = f (value s q)                     ⊑⟪ 𝓓 ⟫[ ⦅1⦆       ]
                    f (value s  i , p )             ⊑⟪ 𝓓 ⟫[ ⦅2⦆       ]
                    f (value (α i) p)                 ⊑⟪ 𝓓 ⟫[ ⦅3⦆       ]
                    ∐ˢˢ 𝓓 (f  value (α i)) (ρ (α i)) ⊑⟪ 𝓓 ⟫[ y-is-ub i ]
                    y                                 ∎⟪ 𝓓 
         where
          ⦅1⦆ = =-to-⊑ (𝓓 ) (ap f (value-is-constant s q  i , p ))
          ⦅2⦆ = =-to-⊒ (𝓓 ) (ap f (lemma i p))
          ⦅3⦆ = ∐ˢˢ-is-upperbound 𝓓 (f  value (α i))
                                    (being-defined-is-prop (α i)) p

  f̃-after-η-is-f :   η  f
  f̃-after-η-is-f x = antisymmetry (𝓓 ) ( (η x)) (f x) u v
   where
    u :  (η x) ⊑⟪ 𝓓  f x
    u = ∐ˢˢ-is-lowerbound-of-upperbounds 𝓓 (f   _  x)) 𝟙-is-prop
         (f x)  _  reflexivity (𝓓 ) (f x))
    v : f x ⊑⟪ 𝓓   (η x)
    v = ∐ˢˢ-is-upperbound 𝓓  _  f x) 𝟙-is-prop 

  f̃-is-unique : (g :  𝓛X    𝓓 )
               is-continuous (𝓛X ) (𝓓 ) g
               is-strict 𝓛X 𝓓 g
               g  η  f
               g  
  f̃-is-unique g con str eq (P , ϕ , ρ) = g (P , ϕ , ρ)        =⟨ ⦅1⦆  
                                         g (∐ˢˢ 𝓛X (η  ϕ) ρ) =⟨ ⦅2⦆  
                                         ∐ˢˢ 𝓓 (g  η  ϕ) ρ  =⟨ ⦅3⦆  
                                         ∐ˢˢ 𝓓 (f  ϕ) ρ      =⟨refl⟩
                                          (P , ϕ , ρ)        
    where
     ⦅1⦆ = ap g (all-partial-elements-are-subsingleton-sups (P , ϕ , ρ))
     ⦅2⦆ = ∐ˢˢ-=-if-continuous-and-strict 𝓛X 𝓓 g con str (η  ϕ) ρ
     ⦅3⦆ = ∐ˢˢ-family-= 𝓓 ρ (ap (_∘ ϕ) eq)

  𝓛-gives-the-free-pointed-dcpo-on-a-set :
   ∃! h  ( 𝓛X    𝓓 ) , is-continuous (𝓛X ) (𝓓 ) h
                           × is-strict 𝓛X 𝓓 h
                           × (h  η  f)
  𝓛-gives-the-free-pointed-dcpo-on-a-set =
   ( , f̃-is-continuous , f̃-is-strict , (dfunext fe f̃-after-η-is-f)) , γ
    where
     γ : is-central (Σ h  ( 𝓛X    𝓓 ) , is-continuous (𝓛X ) (𝓓 ) h
                                            × is-strict 𝓛X 𝓓 h
                                            × (h  η  f))
          ( , f̃-is-continuous , f̃-is-strict , dfunext fe f̃-after-η-is-f)
     γ (g , cont , str , eq) =
      to-subtype-=  h  ×₃-is-prop (being-continuous-is-prop (𝓛X ) (𝓓 ) h)
                                     (being-strict-is-prop 𝓛X 𝓓 h)
                                     (equiv-to-prop
                                       (≃-funext fe (h  η) f)
                                       (Π-is-prop fe  _  sethood (𝓓 )))))
                                     ((dfunext fe
                                               (f̃-is-unique g cont str eq)) ⁻¹)


In general, the lifting of a set is only directed complete and does not have all
(small) sups, but if we lift propositions, then we do get all small suprema.

As an application, we use this to prove that 𝓓∞ is algebraic in
DomainTheory.Bilimits.Dinfinity.lagda.


open import DomainTheory.Basics.SupComplete pt fe 𝓣

module _
        {P : 𝓤 ̇ }
        (P-is-prop : is-prop P)
       where

 private
  𝓛P :  DCPO {𝓣   𝓤} {𝓣   𝓤}
  𝓛P = 𝓛-DCPO (props-are-sets (P-is-prop))

 lifting-of-prop-is-sup-complete : is-sup-complete 𝓛P
 lifting-of-prop-is-sup-complete = record {  = sup ; ⋁-is-sup = lemma}
  where
   sup-map : {I : 𝓣 ̇ } (α : I   𝓛P )  ( i  I , is-defined (α i))  P
   sup-map α = ∥∥-rec P-is-prop  (i , q)  value (α i) q)
   sup : {I : 𝓣 ̇ } (α : I   𝓛P )   𝓛P 
   sup {I} α = (( i  I , is-defined (α i)) , sup-map α , ∃-is-prop)
   lemma : {I : 𝓣 ̇ } (α : I   𝓛P )  is-sup _⊑'_ (sup α) α
   lemma {I} α = (ub , lb-of-ubs)
    where
     ub : (i : I)  α i ⊑' sup α
     ub i = ⊑-to-⊑' (f , g)
      where
       f : is-defined (α i)   i  I , is-defined (α i)
       f p =  i , p 
       g : value (α i)   q  sup-map α  i , q )
       g q = P-is-prop (value (α i) q) (sup-map α  i , q )
     lb-of-ubs : is-lowerbound-of-upperbounds _⊑'_ (sup α) α
     lb-of-ubs l l-is-ub = ⊑-to-⊑' (f , g)
      where
       f : ( i  I , is-defined (α i))  is-defined l
       f = ∥∥-rec (being-defined-is-prop l) h
        where
         h : (Σ i  I , is-defined (α i))  is-defined l
         h (i , q) = =-to-is-defined (l-is-ub i q) q
       g : sup-map α   q  value l (f q))
       g q = P-is-prop (sup-map α q) (value l (f q))


Added 5 June 2024.

An equivalence of types induces an isomorphism of pointed dcpos on the liftings.


𝓛̇-≃ᵈᶜᵖᵒ⊥ : {X : 𝓤 ̇ } {Y : 𝓦 ̇ } (i : is-set X) (j : is-set Y)
           X  Y
           𝓛-DCPO⊥ i ≃ᵈᶜᵖᵒ⊥ 𝓛-DCPO⊥ j
𝓛̇-≃ᵈᶜᵖᵒ⊥ i j e = ≃ᵈᶜᵖᵒ-to-≃ᵈᶜᵖᵒ⊥ (𝓛-DCPO⊥ i) (𝓛-DCPO⊥ j) I
 where
  I : 𝓛-DCPO i ≃ᵈᶜᵖᵒ 𝓛-DCPO j
  I = 𝓛̇  e  ,
      𝓛̇  e ⌝⁻¹  ,
       x  ap  -  𝓛̇ - x) (dfunext fe (inverses-are-retractions' e))) ,
       x  ap  -  𝓛̇ - x) (dfunext fe (inverses-are-sections' e))) ,
      𝓛̇-continuous i j  e  ,
      𝓛̇-continuous j i  e ⌝⁻¹

𝓛̇-≃ᵈᶜᵖᵒ : {X : 𝓤 ̇ } {Y : 𝓦 ̇ } (i : is-set X) (j : is-set Y)
          X  Y
          𝓛-DCPO i ≃ᵈᶜᵖᵒ 𝓛-DCPO j
𝓛̇-≃ᵈᶜᵖᵒ i j e = ≃ᵈᶜᵖᵒ⊥-to-≃ᵈᶜᵖᵒ (𝓛-DCPO⊥ i) (𝓛-DCPO⊥ j) (𝓛̇-≃ᵈᶜᵖᵒ⊥ i j e)